Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of certain bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria like lactobacilli. This imbalance causes symptoms such as a thin, off-white, gray, or greenish vaginal discharge with a characteristic "fishy" odor. Some people may also experience vaginal itching or burning during urination, though many have no symptoms at all
. BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, but sexual activity, especially having new or multiple partners, and practices like douching can increase the risk of developing it. It is most common among women of reproductive age, particularly between 15 and 44 years old, and tends to be more prevalent in certain populations
. The condition is easily treatable with antibiotics, either oral or topical, such as metronidazole or clindamycin. Proper treatment is important because BV can increase the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections and may cause complications during pregnancy
. In summary, bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial imbalance in the vagina causing discharge and odor, treatable with antibiotics, and influenced by sexual activity and vaginal hygiene practices
