An IEP, or Individualized Education Program, is a legally required written document developed for public school children in the U.S. who have disabilities and need special education services. Its purpose is to outline the specific educational goals, supports, accommodations, and services a student requires to succeed academically and socially in school
. The IEP is created by a team that includes educators, specialists, the child's family, and sometimes the student. It is based on a thorough evaluation of the student's strengths, challenges, and present levels of performance. The plan sets measurable annual goals and specifies how progress will be tracked and reported
. Key components of an IEP include:
- The student's current academic and functional performance
- Measurable annual academic and functional goals
- Special education and related services to be provided
- Accommodations and modifications necessary for the student
- The schedule, frequency, and location of services
- How much time the student will spend in general education versus special education settings (Least Restrictive Environment)
- Any accommodations for state and district assessments
- Additional plans as needed, such as health or behavior plans
IEPs are reviewed and updated at least annually to ensure they continue to meet the student's evolving needs. They provide legal protections for the student and involve families in educational decisions
. In summary, an IEP is a customized educational roadmap designed to help students with disabilities receive appropriate instruction and support tailored to their individual needs, ensuring they have access to a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment possible
