A homeowners association (HOA) is a private, legally incorporated organization that governs a residential community such as a subdivision, condominium complex, or planned community. It is typically established by a real estate developer to manage, market, and maintain the community, and later control is transferred to the homeowners once most lots are sold
. Membership in an HOA is usually mandatory for anyone who purchases property within the community. Members must comply with the HOA's governing documents, including articles of incorporation, bylaws, and Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs), which set rules on property appearance, modifications, and use
. These rules help maintain community standards and property values but can be restrictive, covering aspects such as paint colors, landscaping, fencing, and use of amenities
. HOAs are run by a board of directors, typically elected by the homeowners, who oversee rule enforcement, budgeting, maintenance of common areas, and management of community facilities like pools, gyms, and landscaping
. Homeowners pay regular fees or dues to fund these services and upkeep. Failure to comply with HOA rules can result in fines or other penalties
. In summary, an HOA is an organization that manages and enforces rules in a residential community, collects fees from homeowners, and maintains shared spaces and amenities to preserve the quality and value of the neighborhood
