The abdomen is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. It is the largest space (cavity) in the body, holding many of the bodys organs, including the stomach, small intestine (jejunum and ileum), large intestine (colon), liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, kidneys, ureters, bladder, and many blood vessels (arteries and veins) . The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity, which is enclosed by the abdominal muscles at the front and to the sides, and by part of the vertebral column at the back. The abdominal cavity is continuous with, and above, the pelvic cavity, and is attached to the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. The abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the peritoneum.
The muscles of the abdomen protect vital organs underneath and provide structure for the spine. These muscles help the body bend at the waist. The major muscles of the abdomen include the rectus abdominis in front, the external obliques at the sides, and the latissimus dorsi muscles in the back.
Functionally, the human abdomen is where most of the digestive tract is placed, and so most of the absorption and digestion of food occurs here. The alimentary tract in the abdomen consists of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
In summary, the abdomen is the largest space in the body that holds many vital organs, including those involved in the digestive, urinary, endocrine, lymphatic, and reproductive systems. It is enclosed by the abdominal muscles and the vertebral column, and is functionally important for digestion and absorption of food.
