A tracking shot is a type of camera movement in cinematography where the camera moves through space, following a character or moving object through a scene or simply highlighting the surrounding area. The camera can move backward, forward, or alongside the subject being recorded, and is often mounted on a camera dolly which rides on rails similar to a railroad track. A handheld or Steadicam mounted camera following a similar trajectory is also called a tracking shot. The technique is often used to follow a subject that would otherwise leave the frame, such as an actor or vehicle in motion.
A tracking shot can use any manual or motorized conveyance, and may include careful planning for passing the camera between vehicles or modes. While the core idea is that the camera moves parallel to its subject, a tracking shot may move in a circular or semi-circular fashion, rotating around its subject while remaining equidistant. This kind of shot, in which the camera itself moves along with the subject or in relationship to it, should not be confused with panning, in which the camera remains stationary but pivots right or left on its axis.
A tracking shot is a blanket term used to refer to any camera shot with movement, with "trucking shot" and "dolly shot" being tracking shot variations. Generally, a "dolly shot" refers to a specific variation of tracking shot in which the camera moves forwards or backwards with respect to the subject. The term "trucking shot" is less common but usually specifically refers to a shot in which the camera moves left or right in respect to the subject.
Tracking shots are used in most film and TV productions, as camera movement can capture cinematic scenes, record fast-paced sporting events, and immerse viewers in a setting. They can be used to convey emotion, further the story, and bring the viewer on a journey along with the characters on screen. A good tracking shot can immersively transport a viewer or audience into a scene.
