A race of people is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities, often perceived as distinct groups within a society. These qualities typically include inherited physical traits such as skin color, facial features, hair texture, and stature. Historically, the concept of race emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries, initially referring to groups with close kinship and later focusing on physical traits and national affiliations
. Modern science regards race primarily as a social construct rather than a biologically inherent or scientifically valid classification. This means that race is defined by societal rules and perceptions rather than clear genetic or biological boundaries. There is more genetic variation within so-called racial groups than between them, and the idea of distinct biological races among humans is considered obsolete by most scientists
. Race has also been used to categorize people based on cultural, linguistic, religious, or national groups, sometimes loosely applying the term beyond physical traits (e.g., "Jewish race" or "Irish race")
. The social construction of race has historically been linked to hierarchical classifications that have justified discrimination and racism
. In summary, a race of people is a socially defined group characterized mainly by shared physical traits, but this categorization lacks a firm biological basis and varies across cultures and historical periods. It is a concept deeply intertwined with social, political, and historical contexts rather than strict scientific taxonomy
