A moisturizer is a topical skincare product designed to increase the hydration of the skin and restore its natural protective barrier function
. It typically comes in the form of creams, lotions, gels, or ointments and serves to protect, moisturize, and lubricate the skin
. Moisturizers work mainly by:
- Occlusives: Forming a hydrophobic layer on the skin surface to prevent water loss.
- Humectants: Attracting water from the atmosphere or deeper skin layers to hydrate the skin.
- Emollients: Filling in cracks and smoothing the skin texture.
- Barrier-repair ingredients: Replacing natural fats and conditioners to help the skin barrier function optimally
They help maintain skin hydration by reducing transepidermal water loss, which is the evaporation of water from the skin's deeper layers
. Moisturizers are especially beneficial for dry or sensitive skin but can be used by all skin types to maintain softness, smoothness, and a healthy appearance
. In summary, a moisturizer is a product that hydrates the skin by locking in moisture and supporting the skin’s barrier, thereby keeping the skin soft, smooth, and protected from dryness and environmental irritants
