A DOT physical is a medical examination required by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for individuals who drive commercial motor vehicles (CMVs), such as semi-trucks, buses, and vehicles carrying hazardous materials. The purpose of the DOT physical is to ensure that drivers meet specific health standards necessary to operate these vehicles safely, protecting both the driver and the public
. The exam is conducted by certified medical examiners who have specialized training to evaluate whether a person can safely perform the physical and mental demands of driving a CMV. If the driver meets the health requirements, they receive a medical examiner’s certificate, commonly called a medical card, which is usually valid for two years
. The DOT physical includes:
- A detailed review of the driver’s medical history, including surgeries, medications, substance use, and any health problems
- A physical exam checking height, weight, blood pressure, vision, hearing, heart, lungs, abdomen, nervous system, and more
- A urinalysis to screen for medical conditions such as diabetes or kidney problems
- Additional tests if necessary, such as a sleep apnea evaluation if symptoms are present
The exam results can be:
- Meets standards: certificate issued for up to two years.
- Meets standards but requires periodic monitoring: shorter certificate validity.
- Does not meet standards: no certificate issued.
- Determination pending: further tests or paperwork required
The DOT physical is required for drivers who operate CMVs across state lines and sometimes within state boundaries depending on local regulations. It is typically needed every two years but may be required more frequently based on medical history
. In summary, a DOT physical is a comprehensive health exam ensuring commercial drivers are physically and mentally fit to safely operate large or hazardous vehicles on public roads
