Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions that affect physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions begin during the developmental period, which is typically before birth and can continue throughout childhood and into adulthood. Developmental disabilities can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic or chromosome abnormalities, prenatal exposure to substances, certain infections during pregnancy, and preterm birth. Some common developmental disabilities include intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Developmental monitoring and screening are important tools for identifying developmental disabilities. Developmental monitoring is an ongoing process of watching a child grow and encouraging conversations between parents and providers about a childs skills and abilities. Developmental screening is a more formal process that takes a closer look at how a child is developing and is a regular part of some well-child visits. If a child is not meeting the milestones for their age, it is important to talk to their doctor and share concerns.
Developmental disabilities can have a significant impact on a persons life, including limitations in function and delays in reaching developmental milestones. Children with disabilities often have limited educational opportunities and, as they grow older, limited employment options, productivity, and quality of life. However, treatment can help manage the symptoms of developmental disabilities, and therapies such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy, as well as special education classes and psychological counseling, can be beneficial.
