A birth defect is a structural change that is present at birth and can affect almost any part of the body, such as the heart, brain, or foot. Birth defects can cause problems in overall health, how the body develops, or how the body works. They can range from mild to serious health conditions, and the well-being of each child affected with a birth defect depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how much it is affected. Birth defects can be found before birth, at birth, or any time after birth, and most are found within the first year of life. Some birth defects are easy to see, but others are found using special tests, such as echocardiograms, x-rays, or hearing tests.
The causes of birth defects can vary, and for most birth defects, the exact cause is unknown. Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include genetics, environmental factors, and behaviors during pregnancy. Some birth defects are inherited (passed down in families), while others occur due to changes in genes or chromosomes. Birth defects can occur during any stage of pregnancy, but most occur in the first three months when the organs of the baby are developing.
Its important to note that birth defects are common, with 1 in every 33 babies born in the United States each year being affected by a birth defect. However, not all birth defects are visible, and its important to avoid talking in a negative or unkind way when discussing birth defects or people who have them. If a birth defect is diagnosed, healthcare providers, medical specialists, and genetic counselors can help parents understand the condition and provide appropriate treatment and support.
