Photosynthesis is the biological process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose (a sugar) and other organic compounds. It uses carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, producing oxygen as a byproduct. This process takes place mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight to drive the reactions
. The overall function of photosynthesis is to:
- Transform solar energy into chemical energy that plants can store and use for growth, repair, and reproduction.
- Produce glucose, which serves as the primary energy source for plants and, indirectly, for almost all other living organisms.
- Release oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for the respiration of most living organisms, including humans
Photosynthesis also plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, supporting life and the carbon cycle. Without it, the atmosphere would lose oxygen, and life as we know it would not be sustainable
. In summary, photosynthesis:
- Converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen.
- Provides energy and organic compounds that fuel life on Earth.
- Maintains atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide balance essential for ecosystems
