HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 helper cell or T cell. When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight off other infections. When HIV is left untreated, even a minor infection such as a cold can be much more severe. This is because the body has difficulty responding to new infections. HIV also uses the CD4 cells to make more of the virus. HIV destroys CD4 cells by using their replication machinery to create new copies of the virus. This ultimately causes the CD4 cells to swell and burst. When the virus has destroyed a certain number of CD4 cells and the CD4 count drops below 200, a person will have progressed to AIDS.
HIV can affect every part of the body, including the skin, respiratory system, and nervous system. Without treatment, HIV can damage the immune system and increase the risk and effects of other infections. As a result, people with HIV can develop mild infections or chronic signs and symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, chronic weakness, fever, neurological complications, kidney disease, and liver disease. HIV can also cause opportunistic infections, which are typically mild but can be life-threatening if the immune system becomes impaired enough.
It is important to note that advancements in HIV treatment have made it possible for many people with HIV to live longer, healthier lives. HIV medications can help control the virus and prevent progression to AIDS.
