Glycolic acid is a substance that chemically exfoliates the skin by dissolving dead skin cells and oils. It is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that can remove the very top layer of skin cells without the need for scrubbing, which can cause irritation. Glycolic acid is also a humectant, which means it attracts and binds water to skin cells, increasing the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid in the skin. It can help boost collagen production, which helps skin feel firmer and minimizes fine lines and wrinkles. Glycolic acid can also help reverse sun damage to the skin. Other benefits of glycolic acid include:
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Reducing acne: Applying glycolic acid to the skin seems to help reduce acne in people 12 years and older who have mild to moderate acne.
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Reducing acne scars: Applying glycolic acid to the skin, alone or together with microneedling, seems to reduce acne scars.
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Reducing dark skin patches on the face (melasma): Applying glycolic acid to the skin seems to reduce dark skin patches on the face.
However, using glycolic acid too frequently, at too high a concentration, or incorrectly can result in skin irritation or damage. People with dry, highly sensitive skin often react to it with irritation. It is best to start small if you have sensitive skin or are prone to irritation. Most people can use glycolic acid safely, but sometimes the acid can irritate darker skin tones and cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or dark spots. Using lower concentrations and refraining from using too many glycolic acid-containing products can often reduce this risk.
