Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government, responsible primarily for making laws that affect the daily lives of Americans
. It is a bicameral body composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, both of which must approve legislation for it to become law
Key Functions of Congress
- Legislation : Congress creates, debates, and passes laws. The House of Representatives has the exclusive power to initiate revenue (tax) bills, while the Senate confirms presidential appointments and ratifies treaties
- Budget and Funding : Congress controls government spending by levying taxes, authorizing borrowing, and appropriating funds for government programs and services. The House Budget and Appropriations Committees play crucial roles in shaping the federal budget
- Oversight and Investigation : Congress oversees the executive branch by holding hearings, conducting investigations, and using subpoena power to gather evidence. This oversight function serves as a check on executive actions
- Checks and Balances : Congress can impeach and remove federal officials, including the president and judges, ensuring accountability. It also holds the "power of the purse," controlling funding to influence executive branch activities
- War and Treaties : Congress holds the sole power to declare war. The Senate must ratify treaties by a two-thirds vote
Structure and Representation
- The House of Representatives has 435 members apportioned by state population, serving two-year terms. It is designed to be responsive to the public's immediate concerns
- The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, serving six-year terms. It has unique powers such as confirming presidential appointments and ratifying treaties
In summary, Congress enacts laws, controls federal spending, oversees the executive branch, and exercises significant constitutional powers to govern and check other branches of government. It serves as the voice of the people through its elected representatives and senators
