Statins are a class of prescription drugs primarily used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol. They work by blocking an enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) that is necessary for cholesterol production. This reduction in cholesterol production causes the liver to remove more cholesterol from the blood, thereby lowering overall blood cholesterol levels
. By lowering LDL cholesterol, statins slow the buildup of cholesterol plaques in the arteries, which can narrow and harden them. This plaque buildup can lead to blockages that cause heart attacks and strokes. Statins also reduce inflammation in the artery walls and stabilize existing plaques, helping prevent them from rupturing and causing blood clots
. The benefits of statins include significantly reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and the need for procedures like angioplasty or artery surgery. The risk reduction is greater for people at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and increases with longer use of the medication
. In summary, statins:
- Lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol by reducing liver cholesterol production
- Help remove cholesterol already in the blood
- Reduce inflammation and stabilize artery plaques
- Decrease risk of heart attack, stroke, and related cardiovascular events
They are widely prescribed and considered effective and generally safe, though some people may experience side effects such as muscle pain or digestive issues
