Yeast infections in women are primarily caused by an overgrowth of a type of fungus called Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. Normally, Candida exists in small amounts in the vagina along with healthy bacteria, but when this balance is disrupted, the yeast can multiply and lead to infection. The main causes and risk factors that can lead to this imbalance and yeast overgrowth include:
- Antibiotics: These kill beneficial bacteria that regulate yeast growth, allowing Candida to multiply unchecked.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, menstrual cycle variations, and hormone therapy can alter vaginal balance and promote yeast growth.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: High blood sugar levels create an environment conducive to yeast overgrowth.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions or treatments that suppress immunity (such as HIV, chemotherapy) make the body more vulnerable to Candida.
- Use of irritating products: Douching, vaginal sprays, soaps, powders, and deodorants can disrupt the vaginal flora.
- Wearing tight or synthetic clothing: These trap heat and moisture, which encourages yeast growth.
- Sexual activity: Though yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections, sexual contact can introduce new bacteria and alter the vaginal environment, increasing risk.
Additional lifestyle factors such as stress, sitting in wet clothing (like swimsuits), and lack of sleep may also contribute to the risk. Yeast infections are common, with about 75% of women experiencing at least one in their lifetime. Symptoms commonly include vaginal itching, burning, irritation, soreness, and discharge that is often thick and white. It's important to have a proper diagnosis from a healthcare provider before starting treatment, as self-diagnosis and treatment may worsen the condition. These causes and factors collectively explain why Candida yeast infections occur in women.
