Vaginal dryness during sex is primarily caused by a decrease in estrogen levels, which leads to less natural vaginal moisture. Estrogen helps keep the vaginal lining thick, moist, and elastic. When estrogen levels drop, such as during menopause, breastfeeding, after childbirth, or due to certain medical treatments (like cancer therapy or anti-estrogen medications), the vaginal tissues become thinner, dryer, and less elastic, causing dryness and discomfort during sex. Other causes include not being fully aroused during sex, the use of perfumed soaps or douches, certain medications (such as antidepressants or allergy medicines), and underlying health conditions like Sjögren's syndrome or diabetes.
Causes of Vaginal Dryness During Sex
- Hormonal changes, especially reduced estrogen levels (menopause, childbirth, breastfeeding, ovarian removal)
- Certain medications (hormonal contraceptives, antidepressants, allergy medications)
- Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation)
- Insufficient sexual arousal or foreplay
- Use of perfumed soaps, douches, or irritants around the vaginal area
- Underlying health conditions (Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes)
- Surgical removal of reproductive organs (hysterectomy with ovary removal)
Effects
- Pain and discomfort during intercourse
- Vaginal tissue thinning and reduced elasticity (vaginal atrophy)
- Increased risk of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections
Using water-based lubricants and vaginal moisturizers can help alleviate dryness during sex. If these measures do not help, hormonal treatments like estrogen creams, tablets, or vaginal rings may be considered under medical guidance.
