Leg cramps are sudden, involuntary muscle contractions that can last seconds or minutes. They can occur in any part of the leg, including the calf, foot, or thigh, and can be severely uncomfortable, painful, or even unbearable. Leg cramps can occur due to a variety of reasons, including:
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Muscle fatigue: Experts suggest that muscle fatigue is the leading cause of leg cramps. The risks are even higher when these muscles are fatigued in hot weather or when you don’t stay hydrated.
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Dehydration: Leg cramps can occur due to dehydration or overexertion. Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated can prevent activity-related leg cramps.
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Electrolyte imbalances: Too little potassium, calcium, or magnesium in the diet can cause leg cramps.
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Certain medications: Some medications, such as statins (medicines that help lower cholesterol levels), iron sucrose (Venofer), conjugated estrogens, raloxifene (Evista), naproxen (Aleve), and teriparatide (Forteo), can trigger leg cramps.
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Certain health conditions: Leg cramps can occur with certain health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, kidney failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibromyalgia, Parkinson’s disease, sarcoidosis, cirrhosis, vascular disease, and alcohol use disorder.
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Pregnancy: The extra weight of pregnancy can place strain on the leg muscles, making them more vulnerable to cramping.
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Nerve dysfunction: Some research suggests that nerve dysfunction may play a role in leg cramps.
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Shortened leg muscles: Sleeping with the foot stretched out and the calf muscles shortened may trigger night cramps.
Most of the time, leg cramps are harmless and occur for no apparent reason. However, if you experience more leg cramps than usual or have any of the above-mentioned health conditions, it is best to consult a doctor.
