Dry skin is caused primarily when the skin loses water too quickly and becomes dehydrated. Several factors contribute to this condition, including environmental conditions like cold, dry winter air, low humidity, exposure to hot water, and harsh soaps or detergents that strip away natural oils from the skin. Aging also plays a significant role, as older adults produce less skin oil, increasing their risk of dry skin. Medical conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, and thyroid disease can also cause dry skin. Additionally, lifestyle factors like frequent hand washing, bathing habits, nutritional deficiencies, and exposure to heating devices or air conditioning can exacerbate dryness. Chronic dry skin may also be linked to certain medications, chemotherapy, or kidney dialysis.
Key Causes of Dry Skin
- Environmental Factors: Cold, wind, low humidity, dry indoor heating, and strong sunlight.
- Aging: Reduced oil production in skin as people age.
- Skin Conditions: Eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, and diabetes.
- Harsh Soaps and Baths: Use of soaps with alcohol or chemicals, long and hot showers or baths.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins (A, D), zinc, iron, and essential fatty acids.
- Certain Medications: Diuretics, retinoids, chemotherapy drugs.
- Lifestyle Factors: Frequent washing, exposure to heating or cooling devices that reduce humidity.
Symptoms of Dry Skin
- Scaling, flaking, peeling
- Rough texture
- Tightness after bathing
- Itching and cracking that may bleed
Addressing dry skin involves moisturizing regularly, avoiding harsh soaps, limiting hot water exposure, and protecting skin from extreme weather and irritants.
