Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that is caused by a defective gene that can be passed from generation to generation. People with cystic fibrosis inherit two copies of the defective CF gene, one from each parent. The mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the CFTR protein to become dysfunctional, which leads to the buildup of thick and sticky mucus in various organs. The mucus clogs the airways in the lungs and traps germs, leading to infections, inflammation, respiratory failure, and other complications. In the pancreas, the buildup of mucus prevents the release of digestive enzymes that help the body absorb food and key nutrients, resulting in malnutrition and poor growth.
In summary, cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that lead to the buildup of thick and sticky mucus in various organs, including the lungs and pancreas.
