Colon polyps are caused by abnormal growths of cells in the lining of the colon. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors
. Key causes and risk factors include:
- Genetic mutations: Errors in the genetic code of colon cells cause them to grow and multiply abnormally. Some mutations are inherited through hereditary syndromes such as Lynch syndrome, Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner’s syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and MYH-associated polyposis
- Age: People over 45 or 50 years old have a higher risk of developing colon polyps
- Family history: Having a first-degree relative with colon polyps or colorectal cancer increases risk
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption (more than three drinks a day), obesity, lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet high in red and processed meats and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables contribute to polyp development
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: Conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease cause chronic inflammation that can lead to inflammatory pseudopolyps or increase the risk of true polyps
- Other factors: Diabetes, race (African American and Eastern European descent), and environmental exposures may also increase risk
In summary, colon polyps arise mainly due to genetic mutations that cause abnormal cell growth, influenced by hereditary factors and lifestyle/environmental risks such as diet, smoking, alcohol, and chronic inflammation
