A stuffy nose is caused primarily by inflammation and swelling of the tissues lining the nasal passages, which reduces airflow. Common causes include infections (such as colds, flu, or sinusitis), allergies, irritants like tobacco smoke or pollution, structural issues (like a deviated septum or nasal polyps), hormonal changes, and certain medications. The tissue swelling and mucus buildup block the nasal passages, leading to the feeling of congestion.
Common causes of a stuffy nose:
- Viral infections like the common cold and flu causing inflammation.
- Allergies triggering immune responses and swelling of nasal tissues.
- Irritants such as smoke, perfume, dust, or pollution.
- Structural abnormalities like deviated septum, enlarged turbinates, or nasal polyps.
- Environmental factors like dry or cold air.
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy or other conditions.
- Overuse of decongestant nasal sprays.
In some cases, chronic nasal congestion may be due to ongoing inflammation, anatomical issues, or habitual mouth breathing that worsens the problem over time.