what are voluntary actions

Voluntary actions are actions that are controlled by the will or consciousness of a person. They are anticipated, goal-oriented movements that arise because humans and animals wish to fulfill desires and form goals to achieve them. Examples of voluntary actions include walking, eating, jumping, and running. The concept of voluntary action has been studied in various fields, including cognitive psychology, operant conditioning, philosophy, neurology, and criminology. In philosophy, voluntary action is defined as an action that is made for a reason. The term "voluntary action" can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. For example, operant psychology uses the term to refer to actions that are modifiable by their consequences, while a more cognitive account may refer to voluntary action as involving the identification of a desired outcome together with the action necessary to achieve that outcome.