The steps of the scientific method generally follow this sequence:
- Make an Observation or Ask a Question
Begin by observing a phenomenon or identifying a specific question you want to answer, such as "Why does this happen?" or "How can this be improved?"
- Gather Background Information
Research what is already known about the topic to understand previous findings and avoid repeating past mistakes.
- Formulate a Hypothesis
Develop a testable explanation or prediction based on your observations and background research. This hypothesis should be specific and measurable.
- Make Predictions
From the hypothesis, derive predictions that can be tested through experiments or observations.
- Conduct an Experiment or Test
Design and perform an experiment to test your predictions, controlling variables to ensure valid results. Collect empirical data during this step.
- Analyze the Data
Examine the results of your experiment to see if they support or refute your hypothesis.
- Draw Conclusions
Based on the analysis, conclude whether your hypothesis is supported or needs modification. This may lead to further testing or development of a theory or law if repeatedly confirmed.
These steps provide a logical, systematic approach to scientific inquiry that can be adapted depending on the specific question or field of study. While some sources condense or expand these steps slightly, the core process remains consistent across disciplines.
