The health-related components of physical fitness consist of five key areas:
- Cardiovascular Endurance : The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen efficiently to muscles during sustained physical activity. It supports stamina, reduces fatigue, and lowers the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes
- Muscular Strength : The maximum force that muscles can exert in a single effort. This component is important for performing daily tasks and maintaining overall muscle function
- Muscular Endurance : The ability of muscles to sustain repeated contractions or continue exerting force over time. It helps in prolonged physical activity without fatigue
- Flexibility : The capacity of muscles and joints to move through their full range of motion without pain or stiffness. Flexibility reduces injury risk and supports mobility
- Body Composition : The proportion of fat mass compared to lean mass (muscle, bone, and other tissues) in the body. A healthy body composition is associated with reduced risk of health problems and improved physical function
Together, these components form a comprehensive framework for physical fitness that promotes overall health, helps prevent disease, and enhances quality of life
. A balanced exercise program typically includes activities targeting all five components to achieve optimal health benefits
