The eight key components present in nearly every robot are:
- Sensors
These act as the robot’s eyes and ears, gathering data about the environment such as distance, temperature, light, and obstacles. They enable the robot to perceive and adapt to its surroundings using devices like cameras, infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and tactile sensors
- Actuators
Actuators are the muscles of the robot, converting electrical energy into mechanical motion. They enable movement such as walking, lifting, or manipulating objects. Types include electric motors, hydraulic systems, and pneumatic devices
- Control System
This is the robot’s brain, processing sensor data and sending commands to actuators. It includes hardware and software like microcontrollers and embedded systems to analyze data, make decisions, and execute tasks in real time
- Power Supply
The energy source required to operate the robot’s components. It can be batteries, solar panels, or direct electrical connections, influencing the robot’s operational time and efficiency
- Chassis
The physical structure or frame that houses and supports all components. It determines the robot’s shape, size, and stability, enabling it to navigate and perform tasks effectively
- Software
Software runs the algorithms that control the robot’s behavior, processing data and managing movements. Programming languages like Python, C++, and ROS are commonly used, and AI integration enhances autonomy and adaptability
- User Interface
The means through which humans interact with the robot, allowing control, programming, or monitoring of its functions
- Communication System
Enables the robot to exchange data with other devices or systems, facilitating coordination and remote control
Additional components often mentioned, especially in industrial robots, include manipulators (robotic arms), end effectors (tools like grippers or welders), locomotion devices (wheels or tracks), and feedback devices for monitoring performance, but these are typically considered part of or extensions to the core eight components listed above
. In summary, these eight components work together to allow robots to sense, decide, move, and interact with their environment effectively.
