Sweat bees are small bees belonging to the family Halictidae, which is one of the largest bee families with nearly 4,500 species worldwide. They are commonly known as sweat bees because they are attracted to human perspiration, from which they consume salt. Despite their name, they do not actually sweat. Key characteristics of sweat bees include:
- Small size, usually between 3 to 10 mm in length
- Various colors, often metallic green, blue, bronze, or black and white bands depending on the species
- Less hairy bodies compared to bumblebees or honeybees
- Wings that may appear darker or smoky
- Mild, rarely painful sting, with stings occurring mainly if they are pressed against the skin or trapped in clothing
Sweat bees are found nearly everywhere in the world except Antarctica and can live in diverse habitats including forests, meadows, gardens, and urban areas. They typically nest in the ground, under stones, or in rotting wood. Some species are solitary, while others live communally or in eusocial colonies with division of labor. Ecologically, sweat bees play an important role as pollinators for many wildflowers, trees, and agricultural crops like stone fruits, apples, alfalfa, watermelon, and sunflowers. Their life cycle includes the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult, similar to honeybees. Overall, sweat bees are beneficial native pollinators and while they may be a minor nuisance due to their attraction to sweat, their contribution to pollination is significant. They do not produce honey and generally are not aggressive. This description covers a broad understanding of sweat bees and their ecological importance. If you want specific details on types, behavior, or control measures, I can provide more information.
