Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) include:
- Nitrofurantoin (e.g., Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin) – often preferred for uncomplicated UTIs and low-dose long-term prophylaxis.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (e.g., Bactrim, Septra) – effective but resistance rates are high in some areas.
- Fosfomycin (Monurol) – a single-dose antibiotic option.
- Cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, ceftriaxone) – sometimes used especially when others cannot be used.
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) – used when first-line options are not suitable.
- Quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) – typically a last resort due to resistance and potential side effects.
- Doxycycline – occasionally used based on specific bacterial infection.
- Newer drugs like Blujepa (gepotidacin) and Pivmecillinam have also been approved for uncomplicated UTIs.
Treatment choice depends on factors like the type of UTI, patient history, bacterial resistance patterns, and specific patient conditions such as pregnancy. Full completion of the antibiotic course is important for effective treatment. These antibiotics target the bacteria causing the infection and help relieve symptoms like burning and urgency during urination. For complicated UTIs or severe infection, treatment may differ and sometimes requires intravenous antibiotics. Commonly recommended first-line treatments for uncomplicated UTIs are nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim.
