The most common antibiotics given for a urinary tract infection (UTI) include:
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin)
- Fosfomycin (Monurol)
- Cephalexin
- Ceftriaxone
- Doxycycline (sometimes used)
- Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) and certain cephalosporins like cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefalexin, or cefadroxil may be options if first-line antibiotics cannot be used.
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) are generally reserved for more serious or complicated infections due to potential side effects. For uncomplicated UTIs, first-line options are typically nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The choice depends on patient history, local antibiotic resistance, and safety considerations. Duration of therapy varies but often ranges from 1 to 7 days for uncomplicated infections. More complicated infections may require longer treatment. Newer antibiotics such as Blujepa (gepotidacin) and recently approved drugs like Pivya and Orlynvah are also available for uncomplicated UTIs in certain populations. For pregnant patients, nitrofurantoin is often preferred, while fluoroquinolones are avoided. Your healthcare provider will choose the most appropriate antibiotic based on your specific situation, urine culture, and susceptibility testing if available. In summary, common antibiotics for UTI treatment are trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, cephalexin, and less commonly doxycycline or amoxicillin/clavulanate, with fluoroquinolones reserved for complicated cases. The exact choice and duration depend on the type of UTI and patient factors.
