Those who have seizures suffer from a chronic neurological disorder called epilepsy. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which groups of nerve cells (neurons) sometimes send abnormal electrical signals, causing seizures—sudden bursts of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that can affect awareness, muscle control, sensations, emotions, and behavior
. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, and a diagnosis typically requires two or more such seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart
. Seizures can vary widely, from brief lapses in awareness or muscle jerks to prolonged convulsions, and can affect different parts of the body depending on where in the brain the abnormal activity starts
. Epilepsy is a chronic condition affecting about 50 to 65 million people worldwide and can occur at any age, race, or sex. While the exact cause is often unknown, it can result from brain injury, genetic factors, infections, tumors, or developmental abnormalities
. Although epilepsy cannot currently be cured, many people manage it effectively with medications, and other treatments like surgery or neurostimulation are available for drug-resistant cases
. In summary, epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by a predisposition to recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
