The five areas on a typical business cycle graph can be labeled with these economic terms:
- Expansion
This phase shows increasing economic activity, rising production, employment, consumer spending, and overall growth in GDP. It is characterized by optimism and improving economic indicators
- Peak
The peak is the highest point of economic activity in the cycle, where growth reaches its maximum. Economic indicators such as output, employment, and prices are at their highest before starting to decline
- Contraction (Recession)
After the peak, the economy enters contraction, where economic activity slows down, production decreases, unemployment rises, and consumer spending falls. This phase can lead to a recession if prolonged
- Trough
The trough is the lowest point of the cycle, marking the end of contraction. Economic activity, output, and employment are at their lowest, but this phase sets the stage for recovery
- Recovery
Following the trough, the economy begins to improve. Production, employment, and consumer confidence start to rise again, leading back into expansion
Some terms like "depression" or "slowdown" may not appear on every business cycle graph or may not correspond to the five main areas. The core five stages to label are Expansion, Peak, Contraction (Recession), Trough, and Recovery.