The disciple whom Jesus loved is a figure mentioned specifically six times in the Gospel of John. This disciple is portrayed as having a close, intimate relationship with Jesus, reclining next to Him at the Last Supper, present at the Crucifixion, the empty tomb, and the post-resurrection appearance by the Sea of Galilee. Jesus entrusted this disciple with the care of His mother Mary at the cross, indicating a special bond and trust
. Traditionally and widely accepted by early church tradition and many scholars, this "disciple whom Jesus loved" is identified as John the Apostle, the son of Zebedee and brother of James. John is believed to be the author of the Gospel of John, who referred to himself in this humble and affectionate way rather than by name. This identification is supported by the Gospel’s internal clues, such as the disciple’s presence in key events where John is known to have been present, and the fact that Jesus predicted this disciple might live until His return, which fits John’s long life into the late first century
. There are alternative theories, including the suggestion that the beloved disciple could be Lazarus of Bethany, based on passages in John 11 where Jesus is said to love Lazarus and his sisters. Some scholars argue this identification aligns with certain textual and historical details, though it is less commonly accepted than the traditional view of John the Apostle
. In summary, the disciple whom Jesus loved is most commonly understood to be John the Apostle, who had a uniquely close relationship with Jesus and was entrusted with significant responsibilities, including caring for Jesus’ mother after His death
