The property of a mathematical object that remains unchanged under certain operations or transformations is called an invariant. Invariants are fundamental in mathematics as they characterize properties that do not change when specific types of transformations are applied. For example, the distance between two points is invariant under translation, and the area of a triangle is invariant under isometries of the plane. Invariants help classify mathematical objects and understand their intrinsic properties across various fields such as geometry, algebra, and topology.
