The forced removal of the Creek people officially ended in 1837 and 1838. Although smaller family-sized Creek emigrations continued into the 1840s and 1850s, government-sponsored removal concluded by 1837-1838
. The Creek removal process intensified after the Creek War of 1836, when about 15,000 Creeks were forcibly removed west of the Mississippi River, with about 3,500 dying during the journey
. The Treaty of Cusseta in 1832 had divided Creek lands into individual allotments, but rampant illegal settlement and fraud led to conflict and ultimately forced removal by military order in 1836, culminating in the final removal phase by 1837-1838
. Thus, the year marking the end of the forced removal of the Creek is generally recognized as 1837-1838.
