The pyramids were built by skilled Egyptian workers using massive stone blocks transported and positioned with remarkable engineering techniques. Large ramps—either zig-zagging, spiraling around the pyramid, or possibly internal—were used to haul the stones. Workers likely used sledges, ropes, rollers, and levers, sometimes greased with water or wet clay to ease movement. The stones were quarried locally or brought from distant sites by river transport. The workers lived in well-supported nearby communities and the project was backed by strong central authority. The precise methods are still researched and debated, but the construction involved highly organized labor and advanced understanding of leveling and measurements for the foundation.
