The affairs of jatis (sub-castes) were regulated by their own community councils known as Jati Panchayats or assemblies of elders. These councils were responsible for maintaining order within the jati, resolving disputes, and enforcing rules related to social behavior, marriage, property, and customs. They imposed penalties and ensured members followed traditions specific to their jati. Additionally, jatis were also required to follow the norms and rules of their villages, which were governed by village chieftains. Thus, Jati Panchayats played a key role in preserving the identity, harmony, and social structure of their communities while cooperating within the larger village and state system.
