Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily treated with antibiotics, which are chosen based on the type of bacteria and the patient's health. Commonly used antibiotics for simple UTIs include trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone. Fluoroquinolones are generally avoided for uncomplicated UTIs due to their risks but might be used for complicated cases or kidney infections. Symptoms usually improve within a few days of starting treatment, but it is important to complete the full course of antibiotics. For severe infections, intravenous antibiotics and possible hospitalization may be required. Home care alongside antibiotics includes drinking plenty of fluids to help flush bacteria out, resting, and using pain relievers like paracetamol to ease discomfort. Avoiding irritation, such as by refraining from sex until symptoms clear, can be helpful. For recurrent UTIs, healthcare providers may recommend longer courses of low-dose antibiotics, self-treatment during symptom onset, or vaginal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Some home remedies, like drinking plenty of water, changing birth control methods, and vaginal estrogen for postmenopausal women, may help prevent UTIs. However, evidence for cranberry products, probiotics, and other alternative remedies is limited or conflicting. In summary:
- Treatment: Antibiotics tailored to infection type.
- Home care: Fluids, rest, pain relief.
- Severe cases: Possible IV antibiotics and hospitalization.
- Prevention: Good hygiene, hydration, avoiding irritants, and managing recurrent infections with medical advice.
This comprehensive approach ensures effective treatment and helps reduce recurrence of UTIs.
