Treatment of pneumonia depends on the cause, severity, and individual patient factors such as age and other health conditions. Here is a comprehensive overview of how pneumonia is treated:
General Treatment Approach
- Antibiotics are the main treatment if pneumonia is caused by bacteria. It is crucial to take the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve early to prevent recurrence and resistance
- Antiviral medications may be prescribed if pneumonia is caused by certain viruses, such as influenza or COVID-19. However, antivirals do not work for all viral pneumonias
- Antifungal medications are used if pneumonia is caused by fungal infections, though this is less common
Symptom Management at Home
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids to help loosen mucus and support recovery
- Use fever and pain relievers such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs (ibuprofen or naproxen) to control fever and body aches; aspirin should not be given to children
- Avoid cough suppressants unless advised by a doctor, as coughing helps clear the lungs
- Use warm beverages, humidifiers, or steamy baths to ease breathing and soothe airways
- Avoid exposure to smoke (including secondhand and wood smoke) to allow lungs to heal
- If symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days of treatment, contact a healthcare provider
When Hospital Treatment Is Needed
- Severe pneumonia may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics, fluids, oxygen therapy, and close monitoring
- In cases of aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy may be performed to remove any inhaled objects causing infection
Follow-Up and Prevention
- A follow-up appointment is usually recommended about six weeks after starting treatment to ensure recovery and may include chest X-rays if symptoms persist or recur
- Vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcal bacteria are advised to prevent future pneumonia episodes
Home Remedies to Support Recovery
- Gargling with warm salt water can relieve throat irritation caused by coughing
- Drinking herbal teas such as peppermint tea may help soothe airways and reduce mucus
In summary, pneumonia treatment involves targeted medications based on the infection type, supportive care to relieve symptoms, and sometimes hospitalization for severe cases. Following medical advice closely and completing prescribed treatments are essential for full recovery
