To tell if a dog is pregnant, you can look for several physical and behavioral signs, but the most reliable confirmation comes from a veterinarian's diagnostic tests. Here are the key indicators and methods:
Physical and Behavioral Signs of Pregnancy in Dogs
- Changes in nipples: Nipples become larger, pinker, and more prominent about 2-3 weeks after breeding as milk glands mature
- Swollen abdomen: The belly may start to enlarge noticeably from around 4-5 weeks, becoming firmer and rounded as puppies grow
- Weight gain: Pregnant dogs typically gain weight steadily during pregnancy
- Appetite changes: Some dogs eat more to nourish the developing puppies, while others may have decreased appetite or vomiting early on due to hormonal changes
- Decreased energy: Pregnant dogs often become more lethargic and tire more easily
- Nesting behavior: Toward the later stages, dogs may start dragging blankets or digging to prepare a whelping area
- Other behavioral changes: Increased affection or irritability may also be observed
Veterinary Diagnostic Methods
- Abdominal palpation: Around 3-5 weeks after breeding, a vet can gently feel the abdomen to detect fluid-filled sacs (fetuses). This should only be done by a professional to avoid harm
- Hormone blood test: The hormone relaxin, produced by the placenta, can be detected in blood from about 3-4 weeks, confirming pregnancy
- Ultrasound scan: The most reliable early method, ultrasound can detect embryos as early as 3-5 weeks and monitor their development
- X-rays: Used later in pregnancy (after about 45 days) to count puppies and assess their bone development
Summary
Early signs like nipple changes, appetite shifts, and mild behavioral changes may hint at pregnancy, but these can overlap with illness or false pregnancy. For a definitive answer, a vet's ultrasound or hormone test is recommended from about 3-4 weeks after breeding. Physical signs such as a swollen belly and weight gain become more obvious after 4-5 weeks
. If you suspect your dog is pregnant, consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and care guidance.
