Giving birth typically happens in three main stages: labor onset and cervical dilation, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. In the first stage, contractions cause the cervix to thin (efface) and open (dilate) to prepare for the baby to move into the birth canal. The second stage involves pushing the baby out through the birth canal, which can take minutes to a few hours. After the baby's birth, in the third stage, the placenta is delivered. Different positions like squatting, sitting, or kneeling can be used for pushing, and healthcare professionals guide the process to ensure safety. Pain relief options, support from midwives or doctors, and specific interventions like cutting the umbilical cord at the right time are part of the procedure. The placenta delivery usually occurs within 30 minutes after birth, and care continues for the mother to manage bleeding and possible repairs if needed.
Stages of Birth
- Stage 1: Labor begins with contractions causing cervical effacement and dilation up to 10 cm.
- Stage 2: Pushing and delivering the baby, with various positions encouraged to find what is most comfortable.
- Stage 3: Delivery of the placenta and management of postpartum contractions and any necessary repair.
Positioning and Support
Positions such as squatting, sitting, lying on the side, kneeling, or hands- and-knees can be used to help during pushing. A midwife or healthcare professional supports and advises on when to push and how to manage the process to minimize tearing and other complications.
After Birth Care
After the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, usually delayed to enhance baby's iron stores. The placenta is then delivered, and the healthcare team manages uterine contractions to prevent excessive bleeding. Any tears or episiotomies are repaired with local anesthetic if needed.
This is a broad overview of how to give birth medically and practically, focusing on safety and comfort with professional support.
