Happiness is measured in countries primarily to understand and compare the overall well-being and quality of life of their populations. Measuring happiness helps governments and policymakers gain insights into what factors contribute to citizens' satisfaction and well-being, beyond traditional economic indicators like GDP. The most prominent measure of happiness across countries is the World Happiness Report, which ranks countries based on subjective well-being as reported by their citizens. This report uses a survey question known as the "Cantril Ladder," where respondents rate their current life on a scale from 0 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life). The data for these measurements is collected from extensive surveys such as the Gallup World Poll. Several key factors explain differences in happiness levels between countries, including:
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita: Reflects the standard of living and access to resources like healthcare and education.
- Social support: Having friends, family, and community support networks.
- Healthy life expectancy: The number of years a person can expect to live in good health.
- Freedom to make life choices: The ability to make decisions related to career, lifestyle, and beliefs.
- Generosity: Levels of charitable giving and volunteer work.
- Absence of corruption: Trust in government and institutions.
Countries are measured for happiness because understanding these factors enables policymakers to adjust social, economic, and governance policies to improve well-being. For example, countries like the Netherlands score highly because they combine a strong social support system, work-life balance, high GDP per capita, and progressive policies promoting freedom and individual rights. Additionally, while happiness measurement is valuable, some researchers caution about its limitations, such as variation in how happiness is subjectively experienced and reported by individuals across cultures. Despite these complexities, happiness metrics provide useful insights beyond economic data to assess how well societies support the well-being of their people. In summary, happiness is measured in countries to provide a holistic view of citizens' welfare, guide policies, and promote sustainable, well- rounded development that enhances quality of life.
