The heart has two main coronary arteries that supply blood to its muscle:
- Right coronary artery (RCA) : Supplies blood mainly to the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the heart's conduction system. It branches into smaller arteries such as the right marginal artery and the posterior descending artery
- Left main coronary artery (LMCA) : This artery quickly divides into two major branches:
- Left anterior descending artery (LAD) : Supplies the front and middle parts of the left side of the heart, including the interventricular septum and anterior wall of the left ventricle.
- Left circumflex artery (LCx) : Circles around the heart to supply the outer side and back of the left ventricle and left atrium
In some individuals, additional branches such as the ramus or intermediate artery may be present, and the posterior descending artery can arise from either the right or left coronary artery depending on the person's anatomy
. In summary, there are two primary coronary arteries (right and left main), with the left main artery dividing into two main branches, making a total of about four major arteries supplying the heart muscle. These arteries further branch into smaller arteries to cover the entire heart muscle
