Moth larvae survive predators through a combination of physical, chemical, and behavioral defense strategies:
- Camouflage: Many moth larvae have colors and patterns that blend with their surroundings, such as resembling twigs or leaves, making them hard for predators to detect. For example, some geometrid moth larvae stretch their bodies to look like twigs and rest at an angle to enhance disguise
- Mimicry: Some larvae mimic more dangerous animals to scare predators. For instance, hawkmoth larvae can swell their abdomens to look like green parrot snakes
- Chemical defenses: Certain larvae produce toxic or foul-tasting substances that deter predators. Some moths synthesize chemicals like methoxypyrazines that cause predators to hesitate or learn to avoid them
- Physical defenses: Larvae may have spines, hairs, or urticating hairs that can irritate or harm predators. These structures can also be incorporated into their cocoons for added protection during pupation
- Behavioral defenses: Some larvae adopt postures that enhance camouflage, such as resting at an angle to mimic twigs, or drop from plants on silk threads to escape attack. Others form groups to build communal shelters or display warning colors collectively to deter predators
- Additional tactics: Some larvae have false eye spots or can puff up parts of their bodies to appear more threatening. Others release defensive secretions or acids to repel specific predators like ants or parasitoid wasps
These adaptations help moth larvae avoid detection, discourage attacks, or survive encounters with predators, increasing their chances of reaching adulthood
