Asparagus grows from crowns (one-year-old roots with buds) or from seed, though crowns are the more common and faster method for gardeners. Here is how asparagus grows and how to cultivate it:
Growing Process
- Planting Crowns:
Plant dormant crowns in trenches about 20 cm (8 inches) deep and 30–45 cm (12–18 inches) apart, with the growing tips pointing upward. The trench base is enriched with compost or well-rotted manure, covered with some soil, then the crowns are placed on a soil ridge in the trench. Roots are spread evenly, and the trench is gradually filled with soil, leaving the bud tips just visible. Rows should be spaced about 45 cm (18 inches) apart. After planting, water well and mulch with organic matter to retain moisture and suppress weeds
- Growing from Seed:
Seeds can be sown indoors or outdoors, usually 2.5 cm (1 inch) deep. Seedlings are thinned and allowed to grow for a year before transplanting to their final site. Growing from seed takes longer-about three years before harvest-compared to crowns
- Growth Cycle:
Asparagus grows spears in spring that emerge from the crown underground. These spears grow rapidly and are harvested when about 18 cm (7 inches) tall. After the harvest period, the spears grow into tall fern-like foliage over summer, which photosynthesizes to store energy in the crown and roots for next year's growth. In autumn, the foliage dies back, and the plant remains dormant underground over winter
Care and Maintenance
- Site and Soil:
Asparagus prefers a sunny, sheltered spot with well-draining soil and a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. Heavy soils benefit from raised beds to improve drainage
- Watering and Mulching:
Keep soil moist but not waterlogged, especially during establishment. Mulch regularly to retain moisture and suppress weeds
- Weeding and Feeding:
Weed carefully by hand to avoid damaging shallow roots. Established plants usually do not require much feeding if mulched well but can benefit from potassium-rich fertilizer if growth is poor
- Supporting Plants:
Asparagus ferns can grow tall and may need staking to prevent wind damage
Harvesting
- Spears are harvested by cutting just below soil level when they reach about 18 cm tall. Harvesting every 2–3 days during the season encourages more shoots. Typically, plants are not harvested heavily until after 2–3 years of establishment to build strong crowns
In summary, asparagus grows from crowns or seed planted in well-prepared soil, producing edible spears in spring followed by ferny foliage that supports next season’s growth. Proper planting depth, soil care, watering, and patience during the early years lead to a productive asparagus bed that can last for decades
