A headache that occurs when coughing is commonly known as a cough headache. It can be either a primary cough headache, which is usually harmless and caused by sudden pressure changes in the head due to coughing or other straining activities, or a secondary cough headache, which may be a sign of an underlying condition such as brain abnormalities, tumors, or pressure changes in cerebrospinal fluid.
Causes of Headache When Coughing
- Primary cough headache is caused by the sharp increase in pressure inside the abdomen and chest during coughing, which then transmits to the head, causing pain. It is often described as a sudden, sharp, or stabbing pain that can last from a few seconds to up to two hours and is not associated with other serious symptoms.
- Secondary cough headache is related to structural abnormalities or medical conditions in the brain or skull, such as Chiari malformation, brain tumors, aneurysms, or cerebrospinal fluid pressure irregularities. These headaches may last longer, be more intense, and be accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, or balance problems.
Symptoms and When To See a Doctor
- Primary cough headaches typically have sudden onset, affect both sides of the head, and may be triggered by other straining activities like sneezing, laughing, or bending.
- Secondary headaches may involve more severe and longer-lasting pain and additional neurological symptoms.
- Anyone experiencing frequent, severe headaches, or symptoms like dizziness, fainting, or visual disturbances when coughing should consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and potential imaging tests.
Other Factors
- Dehydration can worsen cough headaches by reducing cerebrospinal fluid cushioning the brain.
- Cold weather may intensify headaches by causing airway irritation and blood vessel constriction.
If the headache is new, persistent, or accompanied by neurological symptoms, pursuing medical advice is important to rule out serious underlying conditions.
