cryptorchidism is failure of the testes to descend. explain why this would cause sterility

Cryptorchidism causes sterility primarily because the testes fail to descend into the scrotum and remain in the abdomen or inguinal canal, where the temperature is higher than the cool environment of the scrotum. This elevated temperature impairs the normal development and function of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production (spermatogenesis). The scrotum provides an environment several degrees cooler than the body core, necessary for proper sperm formation and maturation. Without descent, the testes suffer from hyperthermia, leading to reduced spermatogenesis, germ cell damage, and eventual infertility. Additionally, early hormone-dependent developmental processes of the germ cells are impaired, further compromising fertility. Bilateral cryptorchidism markedly increases the risk of infertility compared to unilateral cases, reflecting the importance of the testicular environment on fertility.