The kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spine. They lie in a retroperitoneal position (behind the peritoneum) at roughly the vertebral levels T12 to L3. The right kidney is typically slightly lower than the left due to the position of the liver, and both kidneys sit just below the rib cage near the back of the abdomen. The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs. The adrenal glands sit on top of each kidney.