A continuous blood glucose monitor (CGM) is a wearable medical device used primarily by people with diabetes to continuously monitor their glucose (sugar) levels throughout the day and night. It typically consists of a small sensor inserted just under the skin, a transmitter that sends glucose readings from the sensor, and a receiver or smartphone app that displays real-time glucose data. CGMs measure glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid under the skin rather than blood directly, providing ongoing updates every few minutes.
The benefits of a CGM include:
- Real-time glucose monitoring with automatic alerts for high or low blood sugar levels, improving diabetes management.
- Reduced need for fingerstick blood tests.
- Ability to see trends and patterns, which helps users and healthcare providers make better treatment decisions.
- Many CGMs are water-resistant and can be worn continuously for days or weeks depending on the model.
Examples of CGM systems include the Dexcom G6, FreeStyle Libre 2 and 3, and Medtronic Guardian Sensor systems. Some systems use real-time continuous monitoring with automatic data transmission, while others (flash glucose monitors) require scanning the sensor to obtain readings. The technology has advanced to include integration with insulin pumps and closed-loop systems.
In summary, a continuous blood glucose monitor is an advanced tool for continuous, real-time glucose monitoring that greatly enhances diabetes care and lifestyle management. It offers convenience, improved glucose control, and insights into how diet, activity, and other factors affect blood glucose levels.